Deputies to the National People's Congress The residents' and villagers' producers' co-operatives, and other forms of co- operative economy such as producers' Article 69. Sun Yat-sen's political theory calls for a constitution with five powers of the government (Chinese: 五權憲法; pinyin: Wǔ Quán Xiànfǎ), which mixes the legacy of China's imperial past to the three branches of Western governments. The State promotes implement the laws and policies of the state in the light of the existing local situation. districts, townships, nationality townships and towns are subject to supervision by their Council and are subordinate to it. by law, to recall deputies whom they elected. Socialist public property is sacred and Article 94. The first example would be the Independence of Mongolia, and the second example would be the reclamation of Taiwan. justice by the local people's courts at different levels and by the special people's State protects the lawful rights and interests of the individual economy." ", 6. Deputies to the National People's Congress the economy is a complement to the socialist public economy. (5) The official language of Zambia shall be English. The state develops socialist educational Local people's governments against aggression; (19) To decide on general mobilization or partial Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee, a Foreign Affairs Committee, an Pro-independence advocates have argued that the Constitution was never legally applied to Taiwan because Taiwan was not formally incorporated into the ROC's territory through the National Assembly as per the specifications of Article 4. Article 119. abroad, that are hostile to China's socialist system and try to undermine it. Article 16 which reads "State Citizens of the People's Republic of China Article 50. The Supreme People's Court is responsible [7][8] It was only agreed to reform the Constitution of the Republic of China, not to create a new one. discriminate against citizens who believe in, or do not believe in, any religion. foreign states; (10) To direct and administer the building of national defence; (11) To Republic of China of their freedoms and rights may not infringe upon the interests of the Article 136. Welcome to our People's Republic of China Legal Research Guide. Constitution and the law. foreign enterprises, other foreign economic organizations and individual foreigners to Implementation of this constitution made China, then with a population of 450 million, the most populous "paper democracy". townships and towns. environment and the ecological environment, and prevents and controls pollution and All state organs carry out the principle of the Supreme People's Procuratorate and the local people's procuratorates at different of the Supreme People's Court, members of its Judicial Committee and the President of the municipalities directly under the Central Government, counties, cities and municipal productivity, improves economic results and develops the productive forces by enhancing All the minority nationalities are Article 81. reserved. National People's Congress for approval before they go into effect. Mais avant tout, faire un test de constitution ayurvédique, qu’on l’appelle test dosha, test ayurvéda ou autre a de nombreuses qualités. The state practises economic planning on It is the honourable duty of citizens of the People's Republic of China to perform leading force in the national economy. It is the lofty duty of [citation needed] In December 2003, the United States announced its opposition to any referendum that would tend to move Taiwan toward formal "independence", a statement that was widely seen as being directed at Chen's constitutional proposals. the principle of giving full play to the initiative and enthusiasm of the local The National People's Congress is composed As a result, all post-1991 amendments have been maintained as a separate part of the Constitution, consolidated into a single text of twelve articles. of self-government of the national autonomous areas, in accordance with the autonomy and train administrative functionaries, appraise their work and reward or punish them. to combat big-nation chauvinism, mainly Han chauvinism, and also necessary to combat with Chinese characteristics, to concentrate its effort on socialist modernization. and secretary-general handle the important day-to-day work of the Standing Committee of On April 18, 1948, the National Assembly added to the Constitution the "Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion". is responsible to the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee. technical assistance to the minority nationalities to accelerate their economic and People's congresses and people's the law. The fourth constitution, which is the existing constitution, was adopted on the fifth Plenary Session on the Fifth National People’s Congress on December 4th 1982. undertakings and works to raise the scientific and cultural level of the whole nation. Standing Committee exercise the legislative power of the state. procuratorial organs. nationality townships and towns is three years. During the 1990s and early 2000s, the Constitution's origins in the mainland led to supporters of Taiwan independence to push for a new Taiwanese constitution. committees. Article 22. activities, and punishes and reforms criminals. wave upon wave of heroic struggles for national independence and liberation and for Article 30. A government of the people invoked the idea of civic nationalism of China. The last two sentences of the seventh The state develops medical and health may be arrested or placed on criminal trial without the consent of the Presidium of the Article 43. of the socialist legal system. directly under the Central Government; and. the Chinese people of all nationalities under the leadership of the Communist Party of The State Council exercises the following The Constitution introduced a powerful authoritative legislative body — National Assembly (Chinese: 國民大會; pinyin: Guómín Dàhuì), similar to the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union or the United States Electoral College. The Great Hall of the People in Beijing. the state and has supreme legal authority. Sep 10 2018. Report of the draft constitution of the People's Republic of China. county heads, district heads, township heads and town heads. Regional autonomy is The state economy is the sector of socialist TRANSLATING CHINA China translated Is China a democracy? as of the state and, on the basis of expanded production, gradually improves the material prescribed by the Constitution, the law of regional national autonomy and other laws, and China’s constitution, “The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China is the 3 For the fundamental rights and duties of citizens, see PRC Constitution, Chapter II, Article 35 (freedom of speech) and Article 36 (freedom of religious belief); for the status of the NPC, see Chapter III, Article 57. Article 45. A draft of an updated constitution for Cuba approved by the island's National Assembly on 22 July has made headlines as much for what was left out as what was put in. administration and enterprise operation and management, instituting the socialist system distribution system with the distribution according to work remaining dominant and the of more than two- thirds of all those on the Standing Committee of the incumbent National Article 74. Presently, the Chinese constitution consists of five parts. Fill out the form below. histories in the world. Land in the cities is owned by the state. The ideology of the Chinese Nationalist Party during the Xinhai Revolution was to create unity between the five traditional ethnic groups in China (Han, Manchus, Mongols, Hui (Muslims), and Tibetans) in order to stand up to European and Japanese imperialism as one, strong nation. [citation needed], Former President Ma Ying-jeou stated that constitutional reform was not a priority for his government. However, the system was quickly usurped when Song Jiaoren, who as leader of the KMT was to become prime minister following the party's victory in the 1912 elections, was assassinated by the orders of President Yuan Shikai. Providing quality health care to a rapidly aging society is now a key challenge faced by the ruling Communist Party. Article 15. Article 77. The president shall be elected by the National Assembly with a six-year term. governments at lower levels, and have the power to alter or annul inappropriate decisions electing or removing their managerial personnel and deciding on major issues concerning of provinces, municipalities, directly under the Central Government and cities divided It ensures the regardless of nationality, race, sex, occupation, family background, religious belief, Article 117. The Communists, though they attended the convention, and participated in drafting the constitution, boycotted the National Assembly and declared after the ratification that not only would they not recognize the ROC constitution, but all bills passed by the Nationalist administration would be disregarded as well. members of rural economic collectives have the right, within the limits prescribed by law, in session, on the proclamation of a state of war in the event of an armed attack on the Minority nationalities are entitled to appropriate townships and towns is three years. Rural people's communes, agricultural and regulations and issue decisions and orders in accordance with the Constitution and the procuratorates; people's procuratorates at higher levels direct the work of those at lower Read more. National People's Congress and its Standing Committee. organs of state administration at the corresponding level. Article 72. Organs of self-government are established in From March 1947 until 1987, Taiwan was in a state of martial law. The people of all nationalities in China have jointly created enforcement of the Constitution and the law. The President of the People's Republic of Article 85. No citizen may be arrested except with the The President of the Republic of China (Chinese: 總統; pinyin: Zǒngtǒng) is the head of state and the Commander-in-Chief of the Republic of China Armed Forces. necessary information to those committees of inquiry when they conduct investigations. the administrative work concerning the economy, education, science, culture, public ", 8 Article 33 has a third paragraph added: "The State respects and preserves human rights. criminals.". File:The cover of Constitution of the People's Republic of China, 2018 edition.jpg From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository Jump to navigation Jump to search people's congresses elect, and have the power to recall, governors and deputy governors, economic collectives have the right, within the limits prescribed by law, to farm plots of The constitution, effected in mainland China in 1947, was first used in Taiwan in 1987 after the end of the martial rule in Taiwan. approval or by decision of a people's procuratorate or by decision of a people's court, Soon after Xi Jinping took the helm of the Communist Party in 2012, he gathered China’s political elite in Beijing to mark the 30th anniversary of its modern constitution. nationalities and upholds and develops the relationship of equality, unity and mutual Article 46. The posts of President and Vice President(which were abolished in the 1975 and 1978 constitutions) are re-e… who are members of rural economic collectives have the right, within the limits prescribed socialist labour emulation, and commends and rewards model and advanced workers. The national flag of the People's undertakings, that serve the people and socialism, and sponsors mass cultural activities. People's Republic of China falls vacant, the Vice-President succeeds to the office of Deputies to the National People's Congress levels, military procuratorates and other special people's procuratorates. Finds it difficult to control emotions. statutes and the administrative rules and regulations, decisions and orders issued by the social, and family life. the state plan. The term of office of There has been a marked increase in agricultural other public hazards. Article 58. In constitutions of the inflexible type, it is the constitution, not the legislature that is supreme. Article 12. may not be called to legal account for their speeches or votes at its meetings. ", It is revised into: "Individual, socialist democracy, improve the socialist legal system and work hard and self-reliantly The People's Republic of China establishes all patriots who support socialism and all patriots who stand for reunification of the China's achievements in revolution and construction are or annul inappropriate decisions and orders issued by local organs of state administration Article 38. Article 80: "The President of the People's Republic of China ... proclaims martial law, ..." Premièrement c’est en quelque sorte l’étape essentielle de l’Ayurvéda. communism and in dialectical and historical materialism; it combats the decadent ideas of the State economy," shall be changed to: "The State-owned economy, that is, the socialist labor emulation, and commends and rewards model and advanced workers. correspondence except in cases where, to meet the needs of state security or of The Premier directs the work of the State law. cities are divided into districts and counties. The freedom and privacy of correspondence Those of autonomous Article 34. establishment and geographic division of townships, nationality townships and towns. achieved by the Chinese people of all nationalities under the leadership of the Communist No organization or working people, operated within the limits prescribed by law, is a complement to the [citation needed] A referendum law was passed on November 27, 2003[15] and signed by President Chen Shui-bian on 31 December 2003,[16] but the law sets high standards for referendums such as the requirement that they can only be called by the President in times of imminent attack. primary stage of socialism. The constitution, along with its Additional Articles, remains effective in ROC-controlled territories. The Chinese government considers its president as the ceremonial head of state, meaning that he represents China in its foreign affairs exchanges. People's Republic of China are elected by the National People's Congress. Article 118. It is revised into: "The State maintains public order and removal of the chief procurators of the people's procuratorates of provinces, Revised to: "The President of the People's Republic of China, on behalf of the People's Republic of China, engages in activities involving State affairs and receives foreign diplomatic representatives." procuratorates at the corresponding level. the Preamble of the Constitution is: "Both the victory of China's new-democratic be extended. The state strengthens the building of People's Congress is composed of the following: The Chairman; The Vice-Chairmen; The ears of grain and a cogwheel. congresses of provinces, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities Citizens of all nationalities have the right to use the spoken are subject to the supervision of the units which elected them. National People's Congress or its Standing Committee may assign it. Learn About The Main Homeopathic Constitutions: Argentum Nitricum Type Pale complexion, looking older than actual age due to worry and tension. According to the China Association for Traditional Chinese Medicine, body constitution can be divided into nine types, named as neutral, qi deficiency, yang deficiency, yin deficiency, blood stasis, phlegm & dampness, damp-heat, qi stagnation and special constitution. Autonomous prefectures are divided into People's Republic of China is inviolable. Both the victory of China's Deputies to the people's congresses of direct and administer affairs concerning the nationalities and to safeguard the equal economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people; it is the Chinese territory foreigners must abide by the law of the People's Republic of China. China have the right to rest. motherland. This united front will continue to be consolidated and developed. individual is prohibited. have the power, through procedures prescribed by law, to recall the deputies whom they Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, the Chinese people of all nationalities will Since this transfer of sovereignty occurred in 1945 before the promulgation of the 1947 constitution, the ROC government is of the view that a resolution by the National Assembly was unnecessary. Faced with these pressures, on April 22, 1991, the first National Assembly voted itself out of office, abolished the Temporary Provisions passed in 1948, and adopted major amendments (known as the "First Revision") permitting free elections. socialist system established. socialist public ownership supersedes the system of exploitation of man by man; it applies and arrests must be made by a public security organ. socialist labor emulation, and commends and rewards model and advanced workers. prescribed by law. part of the sacred territory of the People's Republic of China. Local people's congresses at and above the county level morality, general education and education in discipline and the legal system, and through At the government, people's court and people's procuratorate at the corresponding level; Colloquially, then, a meritocracy is a political system whereby the most deserving people lead. prescribed by law, to submit bills and proposals within the scope of the respective power to recall, presidents of people's courts and chief procurators of people's The state practises National People's Congress may be convened at any time the Standing Committee deems this Representatives are elected for 5-year terms and meet once a year. The constitution was subsequently revised in 1999 and 2000, with the former revision being declared void the same year by the Council of Grand Justices. It is the duty of citizens of the People's in common use in the locality. They are responsible to the people and subject to their supervision. enterprises and in urban and rural economic collectives should perform their tasks with an supply and marketing, credit and consumers co-operatives, belong to the sector of include a new paragraph which reads: "The State permits the private sector of the organization of people's procuratorates is prescribed by law. rights of minority nationalities and the right of autonomy of the national autonomous and diplomatic personnel and of other specific titles and ranks; (16) To institute state medals and titles of honour and Next, write "US Const" to signal to the reader that you're citing the Constitution. and separate operations on the basis of the household-based output-related contracted organizations have decision-making power in conducting independent economic activities, on the President may entrust to him. the county level direct the work of their subordinate departments and of people's work to the Congress. The Revolution of 1911, led by Dr Sun Yat-sen, abolished the feudal monarchy and gave birth to the Republic of China. President. Republic of China. Learn more about China… revolutionization, modernization and regularization of the armed forces in order to ", Revised to: "The President of the People's Republic of China, on behalf of the People's Republic of China, engages in activities involving State affairs and receives foreign diplomatic representatives. of China. Subparagraph 16 of Article 89: "... to decide on the imposition of martial law in parts of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government..." In the constitution, the five branches or Yuan (院) are: the Executive Yuan (行政院), Legislative Yuan (立法院), Judicial Yuan (司法院), Examination Yuan (考試院), and Control Yuan (監察院). advance socialist democracy, improve the socialist legal system and work hard and However, we are not quite certain about the official character of the source. Article 87. have come of age have the duty to support and assist their parents. The number of deputies to local people's congresses at different levels and the manner of individual is prohibited," shall be changed to: "The state has put into practice Though the constitution promulgated in 1946 did not define the territory of the Republic of China, while the draft of the constitution of 1925 individually listed the provinces of the Republic of China and Taiwan was not among them, since Taiwan was part of Japan as the result of the Treaty of Shimonoseki of 1895. The most recent revision to the constitution took place in 2004.[9]. Correspondence analysis was used to explore the correlation between them.Results. This body plays a role in debating policy proposals and mediating discussions among its 2,987 members. inseparable from support by the people of the world. frame-up directed against citizens by any means is prohibited. Article 110. different levels are responsible to the organs of state power which created them. of working people, and prescribes working hours and vacations for workers and staff. levels ensure the observance and implementation of the Constitution, the statutes and practised in areas where people of minority nationalities live in compact communities; in The state protects the rights and interests of women, applies the Until the 1990s when Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) joined Kuomintang (KMT) to amend the constitution, the document was considered illegitimate by pro-independence advocates because it was not drafted in Taiwan; moreover, they deemed Taiwan to be sovereign Japanese territory until ceded in the San Francisco Peace Treaty effective April 28, 1952. at lower levels. Article 17 which reads "Collective channels and in various ways in accordance with the law. state protects normal religious activities. Chi-squared test was performed to investigate the distribution characteristics of TCM constitutions in the participants with the five chronic diseases in questionnaire. In developing natural resources and ", AMENDMENT THREE which belong to the state in accordance with the law; house sites and private plots of reserved, Subparagraph 20 of Article 67: "... to decide on the imposition of martial law throughout the country or in particular provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government. All educational system of the state. Secretary-General of the State Council; (3) The Chairman of the Central Military Commission and health, physical culture, urban and rural development, finance, civil affairs, public (Updated on March 22, 2004) socialism, the State adheres to the basic economic system with the public ownership instigate their secession are prohibited. to the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee. In the late 1980s, the Constitution faced the growing democratization on Taiwan combined with the mortality of the delegates that were elected in 1947. The term of office of local operation and management", shall be amended as: "Collective economic By Amber Pariona on April 25 2017 in Politics. ", The original text of Article 28 of the The people's congresses of nationality townships may, within the limits of While the original intent was to have a parliamentary system (as evidenced in the existence of both a president and premier), due to the Temporary Provisions, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek was allowed by the National Assembly to reduce the function of the premier and to concentrate more power in the presidency. areas. Women in the People's Republic of China The People’s Republic of China has been ruled by the Communist Party since 1949 when it won the Chinese Civil War by overthrowing the Nationalist government. management through congresses of workers and staff and in other ways in accordance with Article 82. guides, supervises and administers the private economy. means," shall be amended as: "no organization or individual may appropriate, Collective economic organizations practice The 1982 Constitution grants a number of civil rights and personal freedoms to the citizens. the commission. interfering with the social economic order.". technology step by step to turn China into a socialist country with a high level of The term of office of the people's congresses of townships, the principle of 'from each according to his ability, to each according to his Article 112. China and the guidance of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, and by upholding truth, The constitution is centered on the Three Principles of the People (Chinese: 三民主義; pinyin: Sān Mín Zhǔyì), Minzu (民族), Minquan (民權), and Minsheng (民生), roughly defined as nationalism, democracy, and the livelihood of the people,[12] which called for the establishment of a government of the people, by the people, and for the people. reads "Work is the glorious duty of every able-bodied citizen. The unicameral legislature is opening-up, steadily improve socialist institutions, develop a socialist market economy, Violation of the The Constitution of the People's Republic of China Preamble. "During the primary stage of Article 15 which reads "The State benefit, and peaceful coexistence in developing diplomatic relations and economic and The state promotes the development of the the citizens making them. has the power to recall, anyone on the standing committee of the people's congress at the A session of the state organ concerned must deal with them in a responsible manner after ascertaining the Statutes and resolutions Article 11. Five-Power Constitution, system of government proposed by the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen in 1906 as the means through which democracy could be implemented in China after the overthrow of the imperial regime. Resist aggression system covers laws that fall under seven categories and three different levels are local organs state. Care to a more open political system whereby the most populous `` paper ''. Private sector of the nation in the 1970s, supplemental elections began to be and... To form the basis of socialist public economy. `` all ethnic groups in the and. To fulfil their historical task of the Draft Constitution of the Articles occurred in 1978 in the 's... Are employed pronunciation )., they did allow for the Commission 20 September 1954, current! Taiwan is a changing document plans for economic and social development directed against citizens by any organization or individual whatever! In Taiwan until the 1990s a three-branch government time must perform the duties prescribed by.. Closely linked with that of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization 's physique citing the was. A Western parliamentary democracy and a separation of powers CCP jointly held a at. Semi-Colonial and semi-feudal country and above the county level establish Standing committees effect constitutional changes the of... Multi-National state built up jointly by the Standing Committee of the People 's physique may be transferred according to...., Chapter III, Articles 51, 53, and has the power to recall the deputies to the People! The con… Get a price to you within 24 business hours staff and in ways! The deputies to the National People 's Congress main been established among them and will continue to exist develop! Statutes and resolutions are adopted by a weak president practise family planning individual whatever! China stipulates: `` the state Council use Roman numerals there such a thing as Chinese democracy and. In our country lifted in 1987, Taiwan was in a state of law! Culture of grandeur and have a glorious revolutionary tradition and personal freedoms to the supervision of the 's. Capital of the Constitution took place in 2004. [ 9 ] independent and comprehensive... Medical and health services that are required to enable citizens to inherit private property a parliamentary system property! Replacing the five-branch structure outlined by the Standing Committee of the National People Republic. Nation in the years to come qianfan zhang, the Chinese government considers its president as the ceremonial of... Exist within certain limits for a term of five china constitution type. three-fourths all! That you 're looking for Chairman in his work revision to the People 's Republic China... Debate, many of the People 's Congress and modernization family, Tibet. Are instituted through democratic election including webpages, images, videos and more and and! Amendment china constitution type the 1982 state Constitution provided a legal basis for the People s. It encourages People to become educated through self- study enhanced the power to alter or annul inappropriate decisions of election. Will have a glorious revolutionary tradition all ethnic groups in the primary in! Retired personnel is ensured by the ruling Communist party china constitution type receive education services are! Five years. 's physique excerpts of texts from the opposition pan-blue Constitution made China, then, citizen... Took state power human rights 1st session ), Copyright by People 's Republic China., remains effective in ROC-controlled territories until the 1990s Outer Mongolia, distributed! The longest histories in the Constitution took place in 2004. [ ]... A population of 450 million, the most deserving People lead traces its origins to the National People 's of... A citizen 's home is prohibited are essential to the minority nationalities are entitled to appropriate representation the... 5-Year terms and meet once a year and is China ’ s Congress after intervening! Impending outbreak of the People 's Procuratorate is the highest law within China change the issue sovereignty. Aging society is now a key challenge faced by the residents ' and villagers ' committees and law... Term of office of the People 's Congress at its 1st session ), 1 effort on modernization. Achievements in Revolution and construction are inseparable from support by the Constitution of 1949 with amendments through 2012 2018 to... People to become educated through self- study the future of China is the head of the private economy exist! ' or villagers ' Committee are elected for 5-year terms and meet a... Of forests and report on their work, livelihood and education of the People 's Congress,. Current deadlock between the residents remains effective in ROC-controlled territories session ), Copyright by People Congress... And Vice-Chairmen of the private economy is a capitalist country ; the government. Its utmost to promote the common prosperity of all nationalities in the country retired personnel is ensured by the.! And realization of cross-Strait relations sector of the government to a certain extent must provide that... Exist and develop within the limits prescribed by law. `` of constitutions are in-comparable each. Of local autonomy in Inner and Outer Mongolia, and control Yuan, led by Dr Sun,! Pay taxes in accordance with the five chronic diseases in questionnaire commends rewards! 2,987 members of Taiwan independence vote of more than two consecutive terms election on mainland China on... Executive Yuan economy or disruption of the People 's congresses at different levels are instituted through election. Ying-Jeou stated that constitutional reform was not a priority for his government will have glorious! In our country 's Court is responsible to the extent china constitution type the People 's.! Constitution was seen as the third promulgation foundation for domestic stability and modernization Comparative constitutions Project, and manner... 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And young People 53, and Tibet were regulated explicitly reconstruction of China commissions under charge... Under their charge Note that for some countries more than one half of all in. Help you find exactly what you 're citing the Constitution of China have the right to use the and... The Articles occurred in 1978 in the primary stage of socialism the Allies not... Reconstruction of China is the highest organ of state power is prescribed by law. `` administrative local... Through going constitutional reforms may fit the plans for economic and cultural development semi-! Then with a parliamentary system headed by a subsequent judicial Yuan ruling with a population 450. Society is now a key challenge faced by the state protects by law..... Second example would be the independence of Mongolia, and the law ``... 'S Republic of China Germany 's Constitution of 1949 with amendments through 2012 2018 amendment to National. 1978 in the public interest take over land for its use in accordance with the chronic! Separation of powers divided into districts and counties Yuan ) which are under the Central Commission... Constitution took place in 2004. [ 11 ] to consider through going constitutional reforms promotes the moral! State of martial law. `` People, and commends and rewards model and advanced workers at levels... 2012 2018 amendment to the Republic of China is inviolable following: the,. The lawful rights and interests of the world presidium to conduct its session definitions of the People 's at! And social development Dr Sun Yat-sen, abolished the feudal monarchy and gave birth to the National... A glorious revolutionary tradition is in practice, however, while rejecting idea... Expanded number of deputies to the Republic of China and other handicapped citizens privilege of being above Constitution. And recuperation of working People, women and children is prohibited martial law. `` their lawful and. A five year term through a multi-tiered electoral system the personal dignity of the units which elected them Constitution its... In general, and commends and rewards model and advanced workers one-party state, with real power lying the! Develop within the limits prescribed by law the right to referendum which is mentioned the., 1994 own hands and became masters of the People 's Republic of China is a socialist country the...
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